Task 2...

1. Abrams.N, Bell.I, Udris.J 2001 ‘Studying Film’ NY, USA Oxford Press Inc

‘they were formulaic, they contained conventions and they were repetitive. Consequently, they could easily be recycled over and over gain, promising standardised consistency. Once a formula had been tried and tested, it was hoped that future success could be granted’

This links to my question as it explains why the horror genre have not changed their portrayal of the mentally ill – because it has been such a successful formula that they did not change the formula

2. Curran.J, Gurevitch.M 2005 ‘Mass Media & Society’ London, Hodder Education

‘One way that the media organise power is thorugh stereotypical representations, which rein scribe social rules and roles that are often simultaneously sexist and racist’

3. Ahman.R 2000 ‘Film/Genre’ London, British Film Industries

‘The repetitive nature of genre films tends to diminish the importance of each film’s ending along with the cause – and – effect sequence that leads to the conclusion’

4. Boyd-Barrett, Oliver & Peter Braham (Eds.) (1987). Media, Knowledge & Power. London: Croom Helm.

‘The combined effect of massive television exposure by viewers over time subtly shapes the perception of social reality for individuals and, ultimately, for our culture as a whole’

5. Lazarsfeld, P.F., Berelson, B. & Gaudet, H. (1968). The people’s choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. New York: Columbia University Press

'Media messages are injected straight into a passive audience which is immediately influenced by the message. They express the view that the media is a dangerous means of communicating an idea because the receiver or audience is powerless to resist the impact of the message. There is no escape from the effect of the message in these models'

6. Stigma & Mental Illness Fink.P , Tasman.A (American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, 1992)

'Stigma associated with mental illness can cause those afflicted to delay seeking treatment or to conceal the illness in an attempt to escape the shame and isolation of being labeled 'disturbed' and 'other'

7. Oxford Journals: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Images of Mental Illnes in The Media, Volume 30 Issue 3 Stout.P, Villegas.J, Jennings.N

'The media are believed to play a major role in contributing to mental illness stigma via the images they portray of characters with mental illness as well as the misinformation communicated, inaccurate use of psychiatric terms, and unfavorable stereotypes of people with mental illness'

8. American Journal of Community Psychology Wahl.O, Yonaton Lefkowitz.J

'media presentations about mental illness matched neither the views of the public nor those of mental health professionals'

'Domino (1983) compared responses to a questionnaire before and after the release of the film "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest." He reported that those who saw the film expressed less positive attitudes than those who had not seen it and concluded that cinematography can exert a powerful influence on attitudes toward the mentally ill.'